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Moral permissibility judgments are higher for actions that propose harm that is inevitable in comparison with evitable harm ( Huebner et al., 2011). Subjects are asked to provide judgments of moral permissibility of the proposed action on each dilemma. Dilemmas were translated from English to Dutch, and then translated back from Dutch to English and checked for consistency by a native English speaker. After reading the dilemma, subjects had to indicate on a visual analog scale from ?100 to 0 to 100 how morally permissible she finds the proposed action (?100 is forbidden, 0 is permissible and 100 is obligatory). The moral dilemmas were self-directed, and thus required the subject imagining herself to be in the scenario. Baseline testosterone levels were measured from saliva on both days before SAR1B testosterone or placebo administration. Mood was measured on both days before (morning) and after (noon) administration using a shortened version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire (Shacham, 1983), which consists of 6 subscales (depression, selleck chemicals llc anxiety, fatigue, vigor, anger, tension) where subjects have to indicate on a visual analog scale (?100 up to 100) how they feel. 2D:4D was measured from an image scan of the right-hand by taking the length of the index and ring finger from the ventral proximal crease to the tip of the finger using an Adobe Photoshop measurement tool (Breedlove, 2010). An experienced rater who was blind to the experiment, measured 2D:4D twice with a time interval of several weeks. These two measurements were highly correlated (r?=?.99, p?<?.0001). The mean value of the two measurements was used for analysis. Normality of the mean moral judgments was confirmed by Kolmogorov�CSmirnov tests (all p's?<?.05). To look for effects of testosterone administration, repeated measures ANOVAs were used with administration (testosterone, placebo)?��?dilemma type (impersonal, evitable and inevitable) as within-subjects factors. Mean moral permissibility judgments did not differ between testosterone and placebo condition (testosterone: M ??=?-16.03, SD?=?4.92, placebo: <a href="http://www.selleckchem.com/products/s-gsk1349572.html">selleck kinase inhibitor M ??=??16.66, SD?=?4.25) indicating that there was no significant main effect of testosterone administration (F ?(1,19)?=?.017, p ??=?.898, �� p2=.001). There was a main effect for dilemma type (F ?(2, 38)?=?66.31, p ??<?.001, �� p2=.78) and post hoc comparisons showed that the actions proposed in impersonal dilemma types were judged as more morally permissible than dilemmas with inevitable harm and evitable harm, and dilemmas with inevitable harm were judged as more morally permissible than evitable harm (all p ?'s?<?.001, see Fig. 1). Importantly, the administration?��?dilemma type interaction was not significant (F ?(2,38)?=?.385, p ??=?.683, �� p2=.02). To investigate if 2D:4D mediated in the effects of testosterone on moral judgments, we ran the original ANOVA with the continuous variable 2D:4D added as a covariate.</div>